Bolsonaro has been detained after authorities found he posed a concrete flight risk while under home confinement.
The former head of state was sentenced of plotting a government overthrow in the ninth month and handed more than over two decades in prison, but he was staying under house arrest pending court reviews.
Brazilian Supreme Court Justice the presiding justice said the move to detain the septuagenarian politician was a preventative measure after fresh information were revealed.
This encompassed seeking to disable his electronic bracelet and a call for a public vigil that could "allow for a chance to flee".
In a paperwork permitting the arrest, the magistrate said intelligence from the centre monitoring his home detention suggested the former leader's plan to remove the electronic ankle bracelet to secure accomplishment in his getaway".
This, it said, would be "facilitated by the chaos caused by the gathering called by his child.
His child, Flávio, who holds office as a legislator, called for a gathering of his backers near the former president's residence to take place on Saturday evening.
His son wrote on social media on the previous day: "Are you going to fight for your nation, or observe everything from your mobile device there on your couch? I call on you to battle with us."
He said the vigil would be so backers could offer prayers for his physical condition and for the reestablishment of democratic governance in our land."
Part of the magistrate's ruling was the possibility of the former president's transfer to diplomatic missions near the home, considering that the investigations revealed a record of arranging to ask for protection through a consular facility", a statement said.
The judicial paperwork highlights that the US embassy in the national capital, the capital city, is located around 8 miles from the former president's residence.
The former president's legal troubles have generated frustration from fellow populist conservative US President Trump, prompting him to enact a half-rate duty on Brazilian product imports.
Bolsonaro is being held in a national police facility in Brasilia and will have a imprisonment assessment on the next day.
It was only on last Friday that the his legal team asked the High Court to permit him to serve his whole jail sentence under house arrest, with tracking devices.
They also asked that the former president be permitted to leave his home for medical care, saying he needed ongoing care for lung conditions and other ailments.
The former president was found guilty of heading a plot aimed at maintaining his control after he lost the national vote to his political opponent, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Supreme Court justices said that he had knowledge of a plot which involved plans to murder Lula and his VP candidate, Alckmin, and to detain and kill Alexandre de Moraes - the Supreme Court justice who has been managing his judicial proceedings.
The scheme was stopped because it couldn't obtain the backing of the army and air force commanders. Lula was took office without problem on 1 January 2023.
But a seven days after, on 8 January, numerous Bolsonaro supporters stormed and vandalised public facilities in the federal district, Brasília.
The police intervened and around approximately 1,500 persons were arrested.
The magistrates found that the protesters had been encouraged by him whose plan, they said, was for the national armed forces to step in, restore order and reinstate his authority.
At the time, his attorneys called the over 27-year sentence extremely harsh.
He was also barred from campaigning for office until twenty-sixty - eight years after the end of his sentence.
The one-time head of state called the trial a political persecution and said it was aimed at blocking him participating in the 2026 presidential election.